Clinic
At acute development of a paresis or a paralysis of extremities or a separate extremity it is necessary to specify first of all, they are the organic or functional nature. For organic paralyses (paresises) changes of reflexes, occurrence of pathological symptoms, depression or muscle tone rising are characteristic not only obezdvizhen-nost or delicacy of extremities, but also. Paralyses and the paresises of the central parentage arising at lesions of the central impellent neurone (ways), are accompanied by a hyperreflexia, a muscular hypertonia and occurrence of pathological symptoms (Babinsky, or other), and also are quite often combined with other signs of an organic lesion of nervous system (an alalia) It is necessary to remember, that at acute development of the central paralysis (a hematencephalon or a craniocerebral trauma) originally the muscle tone can be lowered, and reflexes are lowered or lost. Paralyses and paresises arise at lesions of a peripheric impellent neurone (forward horns of a spinal cord, forward roots, peripheric nerves), are characterised by a muscular atony, an atrophy and an areflexia. Quite often thus pains and sensitivity disorders are observed. Functional paralyses of extremities can arise at a hysteria. At hysterical paralyses periosteal and reflexes remain, pathological reflexes are absent, and a muscle tone, as a rule, does not change. Known help for definition of the nature of the central paralysis is specification of localisation of pathological process. So, the paresis or a paralysis of one extremity testifies to process localisation in an impellent zone of a cortex of an opposite hemicerebrum. The hemiplegia specifies that process is more deeply (in an internal capsule or to it departments). At a combination of a paresis or a paralysis of extremities on one party with a peripheric paresis or a paralysis of any cranial nerve of an opposite side it is necessary to think of a lesion of a trunk of a brain. In such cases the organic nature of process is doubtless. The paresis or paralysis of an arm and opposite foot (two-dimensional paralysis) testifies to one-focal process on border between oblong and a spinal cord. If at the patient the central paresis or a paralysis of an arm and a foot on one party develops, and signs of a lesion of cranial nerves are absent, it is possible to suspect a lesion ways in spinal cord department. The peripheric paresis or paralysis of an arm and the central paresis or paralysis of the foot with the same name arise at a partial lesion of a spinal cord at level of a cervical thickening. The central paralysis of a foot can be caused a lesion of the top departments of an opposite central gyrus, presence of the small centre in a radiate crown or in the field of a lateral column of a spinal cord from top to bottom from a cervical thickening. The foot flaccid paralysis develops at a hemilesion of a lumbar thickening, and also trunks lumbar and plexuses. Occurrence of flaccid paralyses of separate muscles of feet or their muscular groups can be caused a selective lesion of motor-neurones of forward horns of a spinal cord in the field of a lumbar thickening (for example, at a poliomyelitis) or separate nervous trunks (femoral, sciatic or their branches). At hysterical paralyses signs of a focal lesion are absent, that is why it is not obviously possible to tell, in connection with what lesion of a site of nervous system they have arisen. Acute disturbances of a cerebral circulation (a brain infarct, a hematencephalon, etc.), tumours, encephalitises, a multiple sclerosis, , a cataplexy, neuritises or polyneurites happen the reason of paresises and paralyses more often, etc. Rendering assistance. Depends both on features of pathological process, and from character of a paresis or a paralysis (peripheric, central, hysterical, etc.).
At acute development of a paresis or a paralysis of extremities or a separate extremity it is necessary to specify first of all, they are the organic or functional nature. For organic paralyses (paresises) changes of reflexes, occurrence of pathological symptoms, depression or muscle tone rising are characteristic not only obezdvizhen-nost or delicacy of extremities, but also. Paralyses and the paresises of the central parentage arising at lesions of the central impellent neurone (ways), are accompanied by a hyperreflexia, a muscular hypertonia and occurrence of pathological symptoms (Babinsky, or other), and also are quite often combined with other signs of an organic lesion of nervous system (an alalia) It is necessary to remember, that at acute development of the central paralysis (a hematencephalon or a craniocerebral trauma) originally the muscle tone can be lowered, and reflexes are lowered or lost. Paralyses and paresises arise at lesions of a peripheric impellent neurone (forward horns of a spinal cord, forward roots, peripheric nerves), are characterised by a muscular atony, an atrophy and an areflexia. Quite often thus pains and sensitivity disorders are observed. Functional paralyses of extremities can arise at a hysteria. At hysterical paralyses periosteal and reflexes remain, pathological reflexes are absent, and a muscle tone, as a rule, does not change. Known help for definition of the nature of the central paralysis is specification of localisation of pathological process. So, the paresis or a paralysis of one extremity testifies to process localisation in an impellent zone of a cortex of an opposite hemicerebrum. The hemiplegia specifies that process is more deeply (in an internal capsule or to it departments). At a combination of a paresis or a paralysis of extremities on one party with a peripheric paresis or a paralysis of any cranial nerve of an opposite side it is necessary to think of a lesion of a trunk of a brain. In such cases the organic nature of process is doubtless. The paresis or paralysis of an arm and opposite foot (two-dimensional paralysis) testifies to one-focal process on border between oblong and a spinal cord. If at the patient the central paresis or a paralysis of an arm and a foot on one party develops, and signs of a lesion of cranial nerves are absent, it is possible to suspect a lesion ways in spinal cord department. The peripheric paresis or paralysis of an arm and the central paresis or paralysis of the foot with the same name arise at a partial lesion of a spinal cord at level of a cervical thickening. The central paralysis of a foot can be caused a lesion of the top departments of an opposite central gyrus, presence of the small centre in a radiate crown or in the field of a lateral column of a spinal cord from top to bottom from a cervical thickening. The foot flaccid paralysis develops at a hemilesion of a lumbar thickening, and also trunks lumbar and plexuses. Occurrence of flaccid paralyses of separate muscles of feet or their muscular groups can be caused a selective lesion of motor-neurones of forward horns of a spinal cord in the field of a lumbar thickening (for example, at a poliomyelitis) or separate nervous trunks (femoral, sciatic or their branches). At hysterical paralyses signs of a focal lesion are absent, that is why it is not obviously possible to tell, in connection with what lesion of a site of nervous system they have arisen. Acute disturbances of a cerebral circulation (a brain infarct, a hematencephalon, etc.), tumours, encephalitises, a multiple sclerosis, , a cataplexy, neuritises or polyneurites happen the reason of paresises and paralyses more often, etc. Rendering assistance. Depends both on features of pathological process, and from character of a paresis or a paralysis (peripheric, central, hysterical, etc.).
